What are the essential aspects of melodrama Essay

What are the essential aspects of melodrama - Essay Example Melodrama could be part of a play, a film, or a book. Today it is employed effectively in television serials also. It could take the form of a tragedy, a comedy, a romance or adventure. Melodrama has been used since the early nineteenth century. According to George Rowell, (1968), pp 450-451, who had reviewed the book: The World of Melodrama by Frank Rahill, the account has the merits of a wide range and considerable detail. Manifestations of melodrama on both sides of the Atlantic are covered, and Rahill’s careful handling of the French form is notable. Melodrama was long dismissed by literary critics as good theatre but bad drama. Melodrama was more to do with quantity than quality, and appealed more to the eye than the mind. One of the chief merits of melodrama was the vitality that it possessed. Films: During the last forty years, Douglas Sirk and his family melodramas have achieved an almost legendary status in film studies. Sirk’s work has been critically acclaimed since the 1950’s and he is universally defined as the subversive master of melodrama. Some of his works are: Magnificent Obsession (1954), Written on the Wind (1957), and Imitation of Life (1959). He was dedicated to critiquing the bourgeoise. The sophisticated family melodramas of Sirk and others realized the genre’s historical capability to act as a revolutionary form during times of cultural struggle. Sirk demonstrated how melodrama often considered a trivial genre, could achieve the status of a serious artistic and cultural form. (Barbara Klinger, 1994, pp.xi-xii). The relationship between melodrama and the prevailing ideology, culture and history can be noted. Critics have continually interpreted individual films as responses to times of national and social crises; from the moral dilemmas of post-revolutionary France to the class conflicts and forbidding sexual mores of the Victorian era,

Ballard Integrated Managed Services Essay Example for Free

Ballard Integrated Managed Services Essay When Barbara Tucker, General Manager for Ballard Integrated Managed Services, Inc., realized that her employee’s attitudes and behaviors were on a declining course, Barbara knew she must act promptly. Barbara oversees 452 workers divided into three divisions, each including its own management team; these divisions are food service, hospitality and maintenance. In order to fix the problems with employees, Barbara had to identify the problem first; with the help of coworkers, Barbara was able to create a plan. The plan identified and stated the problem, purpose, research questions and hypothesis for the research; Barbara also had to decide which instrument to use for data collection. Barbaras research plan identified how the data would be collected and identified measurements for the variables involved in her study. Once the study was completed, the data was analyzed by eliminating the data input errors. In the end, a conclusion must be made about the appropriateness and applicability of the data to meet the ultimate purpose of the study. A closer look into the research and the execution of the plan will give management the answers to their questions about employee morale. BIMS management has noticed negative changes within the company over the past 4 months. The turnover rate for the company has increased by close to 9%, the use of sick time has increased, management is noticing a large amount of employees killing time throughout their work day instead of working, and the quality of work has declined as well, creating complaints from the Douglas Medical Center administration, which contracts BIMS. Unfortunately for Barbara and her team of managers, employees leaving the company have not left any clues as to why these things are happening when exit interviews were conducted, leaving this management team to explore on their own in hopes of finding solutions. Barbara and the managers  involved in finding solutions to the obvious problems decide to use an employee survey instrument in order to collect data which is thought to be relevant; HR manager Debbie Horner was put in charge of creating the employee survey since she completed her MBA and based her thesis on employee motivation. Debbie created a survey with ten questions asking workers to express their view about working conditions, shift hours, quality of training, and level of compensation, fair treatment, internal company communications, and job security. The employees were asked to answer the following questions on a scale from one to five, with five being very positive; 1. How well do you enjoy working for BIMS? 2. You enjoy your assigned shift. 3. Your request for your desired shift was fulfilled. 4. How many times have you called in sick in the last month? 5. You are well trained for your work. 6. You are paid fairly for the work you do. 7. Your supervisor treats you fairly. 8. Your supervisor’s boss treats your division fairly. 9. The company is good at communicating. 10. You do not fear that you will lose your job. A few demographics were also included so that Debbie could separate responses by division; Debbie included demographics because she wanted to compute descriptive and frequency techniques, and then further study the data for possible correlations. The Quantitative research done in this case was created as an employee survey in order to get a glimpse at employee’s thoughts and feelings about their job and to decipher whether employees feel they are being treated fairly. This survey was distributed with payroll checks originally and a reminder message was sent out with the following payroll checks. The instrument to be used is a survey based on the questions that were asked of the employees, the type of statistical questionnaire was inferential statistics it was based on questions asked of the employees and was given to a sample size of estimated 449 employees; however, the way the survey was administered was not effective for the 449 employees to complete and only 78 employees completed the survey. The variable is quantitative and coded with discrete information, which is conducive to the type of survey used, and clearly shows gaps between values, however it is not representative to concluding a finding due to the sample size being smaller then what the survey was designed and planned for. Unfortunately, the General Manager was not successful at administering the survey that resulted in a 17% response rate, which does not show a good  sample size nor does it generate the results intended to make concrete improvements and changes to the company. Reference Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics Whats the Difference. (December 1, 2011). Retrieved from http://www.mymarketresearchmethods.com/descriptive-inferential-statistics-difference/

Childhood in Robert Frosts Birchess and William Blakes The Chimney Sw

Childhood in Robert Frost's Birchess and William Blake's The Chimney Sweeper Robert Frost's view of childhood is much different than that of William Blake, as expressed in their respective poems, "Birches" and "The Chimney Sweeper". Living in the late seventeenth century, Blake saw some hard times; and as such, paints a very non-romantic picture of childhood. Frost, however, sees things differently. The result is two glaringly different poems that goes to prove how very different people are. Blake's portrayal of childhood is far from happy. A small child's mother dies while that child is still very young; this is sad but not all together strange. However the child's father then, very soon after, sells him off to be a chimney sweeper. Blake does not stop here; after a description these children's living conditions few emotions are left except for pity. As Americans living in the twenty first century, this all seams very strange. We see childhood as a time of joy, and innocence; a time to embrace, and to not let slip by too fast. We see childhood as Robert Frost does. Childhood, a time of adventure; a time when the world is large and mysterious, and there is always more explore; a time when there is no wrong that could not be righted by a mother's kiss. This is the childhood described by Robert Frost. He describes this through a portrayal of the child's game of riding birches; a careful climb, a well timed jump, and an exhilarating swing. Then he describes the loss when one ages. How one by one this boy subdues the trees until there are none left to swing from. Frost then finishes off by showing his longing to return to those days. How is it that two poems, written on the same theme, could be so incredibly d... ...about an ideal childhood, or that of a friend; and Blake could have done likewise. However, because they both wrote about the childhood they experienced, this validates our other theories on time and location. The difference between these two views of childhood are like night and day. One is a pleasant time, and the other is not. One is a time to hang on to, the other is a time to get passed. One is a time of joy, the other is one of hardship. Looking back on how my life has played out so far, I am glad that I should have the privilege of Frost's childhood, and not that of Blake; but one is by no means the norm and the other not. The primary factor causing the difference between Blake's and Frost's childhood was location, location in time and space. And, though as unfortunate as it may be, when the world is viewed in 4D Frost's childhood is hardly normal.

Essay --

The chemical reaction between 2 different metals and the juices in the potato generate enough voltage to actually make a clock run or a light bulb a small one. The whole experiment should produce about 1.5 volts DC. You might need to use more than one potato but one should power a small light bulb. It works because the phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in the potato. The potato acts more as an electrolyte not really having a role in the chemical reaction itself. This is why it’s very important to make sure that the pennies and nails never directly touch each other inside the potato. Zinc is an active metal which reacts readily with acid to liberate electrons. The acid’s active ingredient is positively charged hydrogen. So a transfer of electrons takes place between the zinc and the acid. The zinc is oxidized and the acid is reduced to hydrogen gas which you can see bubbling out around the electrodes. The reaction at the penny electrode depletes the electrons from the copper and attaches them to the hydrogen ions in the phosphoric acid. Researchers found that a potato boiled for 8 minutes can make for a battery that produced ten times the power of a raw one. They tried to power a LED light bulb for 40 days and it worked. the cost is around 1 tenth the cost of a typical AA battery. A potato could be used to charge a phone and other electronics. This would be good for regions without a power grid. The potato is not a power source it is the action called salt-bridge between the two metals allowing the electron current to move freely across the wire to create electricity. Numerous fruits rich in electrolytes like banana and strawberries can also form this chemical reaction. Besides being rich in phosphoric acid spuds are ideal in that they’re ... ...e electrons away while other metals accept extra electrons. Electrons are subatomic particles that zoom around an atoms center and make up the part of the atom that is negative charged the lemon batteries is a type of battery called a voltaic battery. These batteries are made up of two different metals which act as electrodes or places where electrons can enter or leave a battery. All voltaic batteries need their metals to be placed in an electrolyte. An electrolyte is a substance that can carry electrical current when dissolved in water. The tiny bit of salt in your saliva makes your saliva an electrolyte and other sour citric acid does the same thing for lemon juice. Batteries stop working when there is not enough of the electrolyte to react with the metal or not enough metal left to react with the metal or not enough metal left to react with the electrolytes.

Investment Banking Essay

1. Why were proponents of deregulation so successful in the late 1990s? How much can we blame deregulation for the meltdown in the investment banking industry, and how could the government have foreseen and/or stopped the domino effect before the crisis of 2008?s The gov could have decided to not back up what they were not regulating. They are partly to blame for the crisis because who knows if the banks would have issued the loans they issued and taken on huge amounts of risk if they didn’t have the guarantee of the banks behind them. 2. Could any one of the investment banks have remained competitive without following the industry trend of taking on increasing amounts of leverage to boost returns on investment? If so, how? It is not likely that an investment bank could have made the huge profits other banks were making with that leverage to boost returns. They could have possibly taken on less risk and been more profitable in the long run, but not likely that they could have kept up short term. 3. Why was Lehman Brothers allowed to collapse while Bear Stearns was not? The investment bank of Lehman Brothers played a different part in the market than Bear Stearns. The government didn’t want this bankruptcy spreading and so they were able to convince JP Morgan to buy out Bear Stearns while they let Lehman Brothers collapse and pick up the pieces. 4. Did the compensation structure of the investment banking industry encourage banking executives and employees to take on excessive risk to boost short-term profits? Why or why not? Banks were encouraged to take on huge amounts of risk because of the very high return. For a while, there were no consequences for defaults because risk was being transferred but they got to keep the money made off the loans and bonds issued. 5. How much of the industry-wide crisis stemmed from the investment banks’ financials and the current economic climate as opposed to investor panic and speculation? The investment banks are mostly to blame because their conditions caused investor panic and speculation. Banks should have anticipated their uninformed investors rash behavior because that is very hard to control. 6. Both Bear and Lehman bailed out their proprietary hedge funds. Did they have any other option? What would have happened had they not done so? Investors and employers had a lot of skin in the game in the hedge fund market so they had a lot of pressure to bail out these funds. If they had  chosen not to bail them out then their reputations would have gone downhill eventually leading to their investors distrust of the firm. 7. Could Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs have survived without becoming bank holding companies? What were the benefits and disadvantages of becoming bank holding companies? What does designation as bank holding companies mean for the way Morgan and Goldman operate going forward? By becoming bank holding companies the power was put into very few hands. Becoming a bank holding company increases diversity so that you do not only play in one market. This lessons risk but perhaps also decreases high returns that can be made if you focus on the investment banking business. Perhaps they could have survived if they had been able to come up with a balance of risk to take. Morgan and Goldman needed to expand from solely investment banking and perform commercial banking operations as well.

unemployment in america essays

unemployment in america essays As the United States economy is slowly recovering, many jobs are still being lost daily as many more are also created. Even though there are many factors that give a look at how the economy is doing, a factor one should carefully examine before making such decision is the unemployment rate. Unemployment rate also has different factors that determine the rate. Many workers are losing their current jobs because they do not have the current technological skills. Others are losing their jobs due to jobs moving overseas. However, since the actual unemployment rate is difficult to measure accurately, the rate can easily incline and decline. With the American economy recovery, it is still causing the unemployment rate to rise. Treasury secretary John W. Snow is expecting about 200,000 jobs to be created monthly for a year to make up for the almost 3 million jobs lost since 2001. Many economists believe that anywhere between 150,000 to 200,000 should be created every month to keep up with population growth so that the job market does not weaken. In 1997, 250,000 jobs were created, declining the unemployment rate. In 1995, 180,000 jobs were created, but unemployment rose. This shows that it is hard for economist to estimate the amount of jobs needed, however, they can use previous data to help with their estimating. Many of those unemployed are jobless due to technological advances. A simple example would be a factory worker that does inventory count for a tire company. Before technology entered this company, he would have to hand count every tire still at the warehouse. However, once technology was used in the company, every time a tire was taken out of the warehouse, it would be checked out by a computer, which in turn would automatically update the inventory in the warehouse. This would obviously save the worker a lot of time, however, if the worker has absolute no knowledge of computers, itll be more time consuming to teach hi...

Dissertation Format

Dissertation Format Dissertation writing is an exhaustive academic experience, the successful completion of which demonstrates the candidates ability to address a major intellectual problem and arrive at an independent, successful conclusion at a high level of professional competence. What Is a Dissertation A dissertation  could be thought of as an extremely long essay. However, there are some very key differences both in structure and purpose: A dissertation is normally broken up into chapters. You must identify your own area of interest, define your own questions and explore the subject in depth. You must form your own conclusions and defend them. Experience the process of producing knowledge. Learn how to manage a project from beginning to end. Demonstrate your communication, information-seeking, and intellectual skills. Demonstrate your competency in carrying out an independent research project. DISSERTATION WRITING Dissertation writing is an exhaustive academic experience, the successful completion of which demonstrates the candidates ability to address a major intellectual problem and arrive at an independent, successful conclusion at a high level of professional competence. Its results constitute an original contribution to knowledge in your field of study. Writing a custom dissertation is undertaking a big step towards your future academic career, and each student deciding to take the challenge inevitably faces certain complications on the way. If you feel blocked at the very beginning of the process, stall midway through, or lack compelling material then you have to come to the right place for the most comprehensive dissertation writing service. Dissertation Format When working on your dissertation, ?onsider its main parts which are the following: Abstract This is how your abstract should look like: Problem: What you have detected, and why you think this needs to be solved. Objectives:  What you have set to achieve, and how it pertained to the problem. Methodology: What way you have selected to come to the solution of the problem. Achievements: What points you have reached and in what way it is connected to your objectives. Attestation You need to write a short abstract where you admit that you are aware of what plagiarism is  and that all the work you have done is original, except for (if any) parts taken from (you need to specify the sources). Acknowledgments Here you can thank or mention anyone who has helped you develop your dissertation. You can also acknowledge any source of work that you have used in your dissertation. Table of Contents Writing a concise table of contents is crucial for a good dissertation, as it makes it easier to read. It is a good idea to use some of the text editing software features to help you automatically generate the TOC. List of Figures   It is a good idea to create a list of figures, that you use throughout your dissertation. They will be easier to find. Introduction Work on the introduction of your dissertation. Please consult your professor, as this would be the best way to create a proper introduction part for your dissertation. The Body of the Dissertation (also known as technical chapters) The technical body of the dissertation consists of several chapters. You need to follow a logical structure in how you present your work. If you are working on a process that consists of phases, please do not make your dissertation look like a diary. Each chapter can be subdivided into sections. Each section can consist of subsections if needed. Literature Review The review of literature used in your dissertation. Writing up this chapter will help you show your knowledge of the subject. Conclusion The conclusion of your dissertation should consist of the following subsections: Summary. You need to summarize your achievement within the dissertation. Evaluation.  Take a look at what you have achieved and how well your objectives had been met. Future work. Explain how your results could be improved. Discuss on the further development of your work. References List all the sources used in  your dissertation that you have referenced to. You can use auto-referencing feature of your word processing software. CUSTOM DISSERTATION WRITING We hope this information comes in handy when you start working on your dissertation. In case you need assistance with your dissertation, general pricing plan for dissertation writing is as follows (prices are in US dollars, cost per page): #get_view(blocks/prices2.php)

These Are the Most Diverse Colleges in America

These Are the Most Diverse Colleges in America SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Going to a diverse college offers many advantages. At diverse colleges, you’ll be exposed to a wide variety of people and be given an opportunity to learn from people who are different from you. If you know you want to go to a diverse college, how do you find diverse colleges? Which are the most diverse colleges in the United States? In this article, I will provide you with a list of the most diverse colleges. Furthermore, I'll explain what makes a college diverse, the benefits of going to a diverse college, and how to determine if a specific college is diverse. What Makes a College Diverse? Literally, diverse means showing a great deal of variety. Usually, when people reference diversity at a college, they're referring to the racial and ethnic diversity of the student body. A diverse college will have a significant percentage of students from multiple racial and ethnic groups. However, racial diversity is not the only variable that determines whether or not a college is diverse. Here are other factors that contribute to the diversity of a college: Geographic diversity- Diverse colleges have a higher percentage of out-of-state and international students. Male-female diversity- Schools with more gender balance are more diverse. Faculty diversity- Diverse colleges have more racial and ethnic diversity in their faculties, and their faculties have more gender balance. Economic diversity- A diverse college will have a significant percentage of students from all income levels. There are some other factors that contribute to diversity, but there are fewer available statistics to definitively determine diversity in these areas. The political diversity of a college refers to the percentage of students from different political persuasions. A politically diverse college will have a significant number of conservative, liberal, socialist, and libertarian students. A religiously diverse college will have a large percentage of students from different religious backgrounds; it could have a substantial representation of Catholic, Protestant, Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, and Hindu students. Finally, the percentage of LGBT students contributes to the diversity of a college. A diverse college will have a visible LGBT community and students that openly express different sexual orientations and gender identities. What Are the Benefits of a Diverse College? There are numerous benefits of attending a diverse college. In college, you learn from your peers and fellow students. If you're exposed to more people from different backgrounds, you're likely to gain a better understanding of different types of people and their views. As our economy becomes more globalized, being knowledgeable about various cultures can benefit you in your professional life. Also, if you're a member of an underrepresented group, going to a diverse college can make you feel more comfortable, especially if there's a significant number of students at the college who share your background or beliefs. Similarly, if you come from a diverse high school or neighborhood, you may feel more at home at a diverse college. Furthermore, colleges with diverse faculties may offer a more well-balanced education. Course offerings and instruction at a college can be reflective of the backgrounds and views of the faculty, especially in the humanities and social sciences. Additionally, colleges with diverse faculties show a commitment to diversity and are likely to embrace diversity in their student bodies as well. The List of the Most Diverse Colleges I've given you a list of the top 50 most diverse colleges in the country. Hopefully, you can find at least a few that interest you if you want to attend a diverse college. Niche Niche is a website that provides reviews, rankings, and statistics about neighborhoods and schools. It provides many different college ranking lists from the overall best colleges to the top party schools to the most diverse colleges. The Niche rankings for the most diverse colleges are based on clear criteria that give a fairly accurate measurement of a college's level of diversity. Here's how Niche measures diversity: 20% of the rankings is based on the percentage of international students 20% is based on the percentage of the most represented ethnicity (a lower percentage=more diverse) 20% is based on students' survey responses about the quality of diversity at their colleges 15% is based on the percentage of out-of-state students 10% is based on the percentage of the faculty's most represented ethnicity 5% is based on the ratio of male to female faculty 5% is based on the percentage of students belonging to the most represented income bracket (a lower percentage=more diverse) 5% is based on the ratio of male to female undergraduates The List Many selective private colleges are in the top 50 most diverse colleges, including Pomona, Amherst, MIT, Stanford, Swarthmore, Yale, and Harvard. Interestingly, the entire top 25 is composed of private colleges. Possibly, the reason for this is because private colleges emphasize diversity more in their recruiting and admissions processes. Also, many public colleges have a much higher percentage of in-state students due to lower tuition costs for in-state students and targeted efforts to enroll more in-state residents. Some public universities in the top 50 include California State University-East Bay, Rutgers University-Newark, University of Hawaii at Hilo, and San Francisco State University. These diverse public colleges are located in diverse areas. San Francisco State University School Location Acceptance Rate 1. Pomona College Claremont, CA 14% 2. Amherst College Amherst Town, MA 14% 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 8% 4. Soka University of America Aliso Viejo, CA 43% 5. Hawaii Pacific University Honolulu Township, HI 64% 6. Stanford University Stanford, CA 6% 7. Brown University Providence, RI 9% 8. California College of the Arts San Francisco, CA 82% 9. Yale University New Haven, CT 7% 10. Swarthmore College Swarthmore, PA 14% 11. Grinnell College Grinnell, IA 35% 12. Barry University Miami, FL 47% 13. Columbia University New York City, NY 7% 14. Chaminade University of Honolulu Honolulu Township, HI 84% 15. University of Miami Coral Gables, FL 40% 16. Wellesley College Wellesley, MA 29% 17. Rhode Island School of Design Providence, RI 27% 18. New York University New York City, NY 32% 19. University of San Francisco San Francisco, CA 69% 20. California Institute of the Arts Santa Clarita, CA 31% 21. Rice University Houston, TX 17% 22. Emory University Atlanta, GA 26% 23. Nyack College Nyack, NY 97% 24. University of Chicago Chicago, IL 9% 25. Holy Names University Oakland, CA 57% 26. California State University-East Bay Hayward, CA 68% 27. Rutgers University-Newark Newark, NJ 54% 28. University of Hawaii at Hilo Hilo, HI 75% 29. The New School New York City, NY 67% 30. University of Bridgeport Bridgeport, CT 64% 31. Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 25% 32. Washington Adventist University Tacoma Park, MD 45% 33. Agnes Scott College Decatur, GA 67% 34. University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu Township, HI 80% 35. Harvard University Cambridge, MA 6% 36. Wesleyan University Middletown, CT 20% 37. Princeton University Princeton, NJ 7% 38. University of Houston Houston, TX 58% 39. University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 12% 40. Manhattanville College Harrison, NY 77% 41. Santa Fe University of Art and Design Santa Fe, NM 100% 42. San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA 60% 43. Pace University New York City, NY 81% 44. Texas Wesleyan University Fort Worth, TX 46% 45. Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, FL 57% 46. Earlham College Richmond, IN 64% 47. University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 20% 48. St. John's University-New York Queens, NY 53% 49. Berklee College of Music Boston, MA 19% 50. Clark University Worcester, MA 70% Massachusetts Institute of Technology Student Reviews Niche also offers student reviews of colleges. Here are some comments written by students of some of the most diverse colleges in the United States. I included comments related to the diversity at the college. Pomona College It gets more and more diverse every year in terms of students of color, international students, and low-income students! And the communities aren't completely separated like they tend to be at other schools- each person is a valued part of this community. Love the student body! It's diverse, inclusive, and just a melting pot of all sorts of identities and personalities, all of which come to create a wonderfully complex community on campus. You'll see a lot of variety- no typical culture here. People might think that Pomona is more laid-back than its peer liberal arts colleges due to its California location, but I don't think it is. It's a little bit more humble/mainstream than preppy New England schools, but students take their academics and their futures very, very seriously. Amherst College I feel as if there is a gap between the different races and ethnicities on campus. They seem to congeal together and don't venture out of their created friend groups based on their homeland. I come from a largely homogenous high school, so coming to Amherst was my first chance to ever meet so many people from different ethnicities and backgrounds. It is NOT just white and preppy. Well, it's pretty preppy. But definitely not predominantly white. Stanford University One of the most diverse schools as far as every aspect goes except for international students. But the school is not just ethnically diverse, but very socioeconomically diverse, thanks to the financial aid. The campus is extremely diverse in all aspects. This is fueled by the large number of international students at the school. However outside of Greek organizations the different groups tend to stick together within their own social circles and very few branch out. University of Miami My school is amazing when it comes to diversifying your life. Here you can meet people of different races, religions, backgrounds; you name it, we've got it. I don't regret coming to Miami at all- I love it here! I was a little hesitant coming to a school with so many wealthy people, while I am not at all. But it really hasn't been an issue at all! The student body is so diverse, I can always find people to talk to. University of Miami How Should You Use The List of the Most Diverse Colleges? If you want to go to a very diverse college, you should research the colleges that interest you on the Niche list to determine if they’re schools you should apply to or attend. There are many factors to consider to determine if a college is a good fit for you including location, selectivity, support services, and the majors offered.Look at the school’s website, and use guidebooks, college finders, search websites, and other ranking lists to help you in the college selection process. If possible, consult with teachers, counselors, parents, current students, and alumni. What Should You Do if You Want to Go to a Diverse College, But a School You're Considering Isn't on the List? Just because a school didn't make the list doesn't necessarily mean that it's not diverse. Many big public state universities didn't rank highly for diversity, but big public state schools often have large numbers of students from all different backgrounds, especially if the school is located in a diverse state. Look at the school's website to see if there are student groups that represent a wide variety of interests or yours in particular. Also, you can consult other sources that evaluate or grade the diversity of a college.If you look up a specific college on Niche, you can find its diversity grade as well as a write-up and student reviews about diversity on campus.If you look up a college on College View, you can find the statistics for the student body racial diversity, total numbers of male and female faculty, and the states and countries represented by its students. What's Next? If you want to check out more ranking lists that show a school's commitment to diversity, you can read about the most LGBTQ-friendly schools. Also, if you're looking to go to an elite school with very accomplished students, investigate the most selective colleges. Finally, as you're navigating the college application and selection process, I highly recommend that you read this post about how to do college research. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Biggest Advantage of Using Outsourcing for Data Analytics Project Assignment - 6

Biggest Advantage of Using Outsourcing for Data Analytics Project - Assignment Example The researcher states that the biggest risk around outsourcing resources for a business analytics projects is the loss of control that is associated with outsourcing data analytics projects. When an organization outsources a high stakes data analytics projects to a third party entity, there exists doubt on whether the project will be properly executed with regard to quality standards and if it will be delivered on time. This also includes security concerns; will the organization’s data be safe in the hands of third party firms? Can the analytics firm be trusted with confidential data? The researcher’s first consideration would be on the eligibility of the analytics project for outsourcing, with careful regard of the current circumstances, requirements, expectations, cost and nature of the project. Some projects may not be worth outsourcing if they can be properly executed internally, these can be done by the organization’s employees. Others may have lower returns than the value of investment if outsourced; these can also be developed internally. Lastly, the nature of the project and its requirements may necessitate the use of skills and services that can only be obtained in an outsourced environment.

The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci and Jacopo Tintoretto Term Paper

The Last Supper by Leonardo Da Vinci and Jacopo Tintoretto - Term Paper Example Focusing on the theme of the last days of Christ's life, Leonardo da Vinci makes it clear that the ideals of humanism are extremely important to him. The compositional structure of the painting created between 1495 and 1498 corresponds to the aesthetic principles of humanism. The symmetrical organization of the picture confirm this. Jesus is the central figure and six of the apostles are sitting on the left and right of him. In general, the apostles are divided into four groups of three. Behind Jesus, one can see three windows that visually enlarge the space, while there are four doors or curtains on the left and right sides of the picture. All this is consistent with the principles of humanity in relation to the organization of the space. However, the influence of humanism is not limited to these items. Its main value is observed in a special emotionality of the images. Da Vinci has made a special emphasis on the reaction of the apostles in response to Jesus' words about the fact th at one of them would betray him. The phrase â€Å"One of you will betray me† causes a different reaction from all the apostles and this reaction is expressed by a variety of their gestures and facial expressions. In other words, â€Å"together with facial attributes and expressions these gestures depict the essential character of each apostle†. â€Å"These reactions are quite specific to each apostle, expressing what Leonardo called the ‘motions of the mind'†. In spite of the expressivity of these images, the painting shows a certain order.

Islam in the Performing Arts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Islam in the Performing Arts - Research Paper Example As religion has always created a great deal of influence over people and developing their opinion about participation in different forms of performing arts, that is why permission to act or to participate in any forms of performing arts does differ to a great extent among them. What is a religion? According to Durkheim, â€Å"†¦a religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden – beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community†¦all those who adhere to them.† (Cipriani and Ferrarotti, 2000, p.2) Durkheim’s observation regarding the role of religion as a catalyst for social unity is relevant in this context as religious permissibility of acting can help to a great extent in spearing morality across society. Thus, acting in film or theatre has received a special focus from different religious disciplines and at the same time, this issue has also raised several debates and arguments concerning this argument. Apart from this factor, as every religion goes through a process of maturity (Roof and McKinney, 1987, p. 108), it gradually develops certain forms of prejudices that create pressure over followers of such religion. Keeping in mind the factor of general humane morality factor, every religion provides some kind of restrictions over people but in the general social context, those aspects are often misrepresented and finally those emerge as strict regulations for people in every society Thesis Statement: In this context, the important question arises if it is permissible under the laws of Islam to act in film or theater or if it violates the rules of morality as laid down in the philosophical approach of Islam.

Hagia Sophia and Pantheon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hagia Sophia and Pantheon - Essay Example However, I was pleasantly surprised by the Apse mosaics within the building that depicted Biblical scenes. Mosaic art gained appreciation in my mind when I observed the Apse mosaics closely when previously mosaic art held no beauty for me. The most important feature in the interior of the building that appealed to my eye was the dome that rests on four concave triangular pendentives. It is because of these pendentives that the rectangular base is transformed to a circular dome as the building rises. One would expect the pendentives to serve only the practical purpose but when I observed the structure of these pendentives, it allowed me to appreciate the beauty of the architecture. The pendentives are both awe-inspiring as well as practical. Even without the pendentives, the beauty of the dome will still be maintained due to the presence of the forty windows that the architects of the original dome envisioned when creating the dome. The presence of these windows has allowed for a good play of light within the internal structure. I feel that without the dome, Hagia Sophia would not have gained such popularity among modern artists and architects. Pantheon is a building located in Rome, Italy that recounts the brilliance of Roman art and architecture in this age. The Pantheon served as a temple for the Romans and featured all the Roman Gods at different points of the building. The building is a treat in itself and observing the building from the front, with its Corinthian columns, I failed to envision the dome within the building despite having read extensive literature on the building. However, the east of side of the building prominently displays the rotunda. When entering into the building through the Corinthian columns, I felt that I was entering history. The high columns further strengthened these feelings as I realized that I was entering something majestic. This was a place where our ancestors prayed for successful lives, healthy sons and good produce. Howev er, looking at the building, I did not believe that this building was as old as the Roman age, given its condition despite the years. The most beautiful aspect of the building for me was the dome and the oculus in the interior of the building. Standing directly beneath the oculus and looking up gives one a feeling of being engulfed in the majesty of Roman architecture. Pantheon for me was Roman architecture in its prime. The vaulted arches of the dome have inspired many architects since they have been created but none have been able to match the brilliance of the Pantheon. It is not just the arches that catch the eye of the viewer. The architects of Pantheon have also been able to play with light using the circular structure of the dome. However, they have done this by using the top of the dome. The oculus allows light to shine on part of the vaulted arches and through the direction of the light, the Romans were also able to tell time. Combining the practical aspect with the beauty of the building is one of the most beautiful arts of the Romans . Reflection Assignment: Islamic Advancements and Achievements Muslim advancement in mathematics and architecture inspired many other cultures that came in contact with it. One of them was Renaissance culture that took good advantage of the Muslim presence in Spain to learn from one the most developed cultures of that

Congestive Heart Failure Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Congestive Heart Failure - Case Study Example The mechanism and resulting physiologic alteration c. The resulting effects on body system d. Citations from Peer Reviewed Articles IV. Analysis of Clinical Findings Manifestations a. Discussion of the Patient’s Clinical Presentation b. Review of Patient’s Clinical Course c. Comparison of this case to pathophysiologic findings in the literature d. Critical Thinking V. Analysis of Laboratory Tests VI. Treatments VII. Outcome Analysis VIII. References Introduction to Congestive Heart Failure Opening paragraph in which the topic is introduced and the content: More than 5 millions of the Americans are suffering from Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and these people have been in and out from the hospital because of CHF and its clinical sequelae (American Heart Association, 2004). CHF changes lives. It affects the structure of the family and the society as well. Once it strikes the breadwinner of the family, it would mean loss of income and shifting of one’s role in the family. In general, this debilitating disease greatly affects the family and the society as a whole, since any problem that might occur in the family affects the community as well. How severe the condition is determines the impact to the life of a person. The milder CHF is in the life of the person, little does it affect the person’s life. ... Incidence of Congestive Heart Failure Discussion of the prevalence of Congestive Heart Failure in the United States: Congestive heart failure is a â€Å"serious condition† resulting to a considerable morbidity and mortality (Schocken, et al., 1992). In the US, CHF is an increasing public health concern because of the limited data that identifies the validity in diagnosing CHF (Goff, et al., 2006). Lui and Wallace (2011) noted that although the annual prevalence rate of CHF was 1.6 percent, which is much lower than that of hypertension, the number of average rate of hospitalisation was reversibly higher with high rate of hospitalisation among the older population belonging to the adults aged 75 and above, compared to the younger population who have the least group of individuals being hospitalized (Lui and Wallace, 2011). According to the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (2012), the prevalence rate of CHF is increasing and an estimated 4.8 million Americans were diagnose d to have CHF and likewise, an increasing incidence of prevalence rate of hospitalizations and deaths secondary to CHF is increasing (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2012). The incidence of new cases of mortality of 400,000 secondary to CHF is increasing each year and others were due to its complications (National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, 2012). Statistics of Morbidity and Mortality: CHF occurs equally in both men and women but is more prevalent in descent other than white Americans such as African – American, Hispanics, and American - Indians (Cleveland Clinic, 2011). About 1 million are hospitalized each year in the United States due to CHF and around 30 – 60 percent of these populations are readmitted due to the same problem (Cleveland Clinic, 2011). The

Hagia Sophia and Pantheon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hagia Sophia and Pantheon - Essay Example However, I was pleasantly surprised by the Apse mosaics within the building that depicted Biblical scenes. Mosaic art gained appreciation in my mind when I observed the Apse mosaics closely when previously mosaic art held no beauty for me. The most important feature in the interior of the building that appealed to my eye was the dome that rests on four concave triangular pendentives. It is because of these pendentives that the rectangular base is transformed to a circular dome as the building rises. One would expect the pendentives to serve only the practical purpose but when I observed the structure of these pendentives, it allowed me to appreciate the beauty of the architecture. The pendentives are both awe-inspiring as well as practical. Even without the pendentives, the beauty of the dome will still be maintained due to the presence of the forty windows that the architects of the original dome envisioned when creating the dome. The presence of these windows has allowed for a good play of light within the internal structure. I feel that without the dome, Hagia Sophia would not have gained such popularity among modern artists and architects. Pantheon is a building located in Rome, Italy that recounts the brilliance of Roman art and architecture in this age. The Pantheon served as a temple for the Romans and featured all the Roman Gods at different points of the building. The building is a treat in itself and observing the building from the front, with its Corinthian columns, I failed to envision the dome within the building despite having read extensive literature on the building. However, the east of side of the building prominently displays the rotunda. When entering into the building through the Corinthian columns, I felt that I was entering history. The high columns further strengthened these feelings as I realized that I was entering something majestic. This was a place where our ancestors prayed for successful lives, healthy sons and good produce. Howev er, looking at the building, I did not believe that this building was as old as the Roman age, given its condition despite the years. The most beautiful aspect of the building for me was the dome and the oculus in the interior of the building. Standing directly beneath the oculus and looking up gives one a feeling of being engulfed in the majesty of Roman architecture. Pantheon for me was Roman architecture in its prime. The vaulted arches of the dome have inspired many architects since they have been created but none have been able to match the brilliance of the Pantheon. It is not just the arches that catch the eye of the viewer. The architects of Pantheon have also been able to play with light using the circular structure of the dome. However, they have done this by using the top of the dome. The oculus allows light to shine on part of the vaulted arches and through the direction of the light, the Romans were also able to tell time. Combining the practical aspect with the beauty of the building is one of the most beautiful arts of the Romans . Reflection Assignment: Islamic Advancements and Achievements Muslim advancement in mathematics and architecture inspired many other cultures that came in contact with it. One of them was Renaissance culture that took good advantage of the Muslim presence in Spain to learn from one the most developed cultures of that

Leadership Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Interview - Essay Example Monitoring the team and giving feedback: making sure that the team moves at the required pace in order to achieve the set goals and objectives requires this action. He explains that he has to monitor the work of the team in an effective manner and provide them with constant feedback on their status of progress so that the team remains motivated all through. This also helps in mitigating issues that arise as the team works by finding quick solutions so that the teamwork does not stall. In this case, problems are identified when they arise, their root causes established, solutions sought and time wastage is avoided.Backing the team when it comes to the decisions they make in their meetings and actions at work: lack of support for a team’s decisions and actions result in loss of confidence in the leader’s capacity to manage such a team. He stresses that nothing is ever more discouraging to a team like a leader failing to back their decisions and actions and he further disc onnects himself from the team. It is a show of believing in the team’s capacity to act rationally and responsibly.Share the burden of the team: some issues that cause stress to the team arise and pressurize the team. It is important that a good leader steps in and try helping in the reduction of the situations that are causing stress to the team. At this point, this P&G team leader believes in coming in and trying to make the process easier and simplifies the issues to the team. The leader needs to be honest while praising the good work.

Analysis of Mountain Sound in the Context of Journeys Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Mountain Sound in the Context of Journeys Essay â€Å"Mountain Sound† is a song performed by Icelandic indie pop band Of Monsters and Men which was released as a second single from their debut studio album â€Å"My Head is An Animal.† Written by Arnar Rà ³senkranz, Nanna Bryndà ­s Hilmarsdà ³ttir and Ragnar Þà ³rhallsson, it tells the story of a character who commits a crime or action that opposes the values and cultural norm of his society. He then flees from the area to escape capture by the authorities and take refuge in the forest and mountain sound. Along the way, the character also runs into creatures that threaten his existence and therefore is forced to travel only at night to avoid visibility from any external forces. In the first stanza, it proves the statement that â€Å"journeys are commonly instigated by escape from a previous circumstance that doesn’t appeal to the individual.† In accordance to the song, the character had to escape as quickly as possible â€Å"from all the trouble [he] he had caused with [his two hands.† Apart from that, the use of the metaphor â€Å"travelling on with nothing but a shadow† where the shadow refers to the character’s guilt that he carries along as he escapes, shows one of the emotional obstacle that the character encounters throughout his journey. The second stanza demonstrates the understanding that journeys are always speckled with obstacles which we have learn from and at the same time accounts for the importance of the journey itself rather than the final destination. In â€Å"Mountain Sound,† the traveller encounters are beings that had scars and scratches too unnatural to be of natural causes thus sparking his curiosity about their past. Upon further observation however, the traveller suddenly realises that these strangers were probably creatures that were not human based on the reference to â€Å"we were nothing like the rest.† The use of the phrase â€Å"as I looked around† hints that the traveller was surrounded by the creatures and is therefore in a threatening situation. The chorus revolves around the description of the traveller’s journey, where he can only travel at night to avoid capture. This description is enforced in the form of an advice from a more superior being which in this case appears to an angel or deity, hinted by the changeover to a woman’s voice, which is stereotypically accepted as compassionate as well as the use of language which is phrased in the form of an admonishment: â€Å"hold your horses now, sleep until the sun goes down.† This chorus supports the statement that â€Å"in a bid to escape, one journeys to a refuge that provides security and peace of mind.† In general, the essence of the song is further amplified with specific musical techniques, first of which is the echo effect created by the digital delays in the electric guitars. This effect creates a suspenseful and dramatic scene about to unfold, in reference to the second stanza where the traveller suddenly realises his vulnerability to the strangers as they surround him. Besides that, the choral section that sings the lines â€Å"sleep until the sun goes down† and â€Å"deep into the mountain sound† adds spirit and energy to the song which relates to how physical journeys are always affiliated with movement and energy. It also appears as cheer of encouragement to motivate the traveller to continue his strive for his goal. Furthermore, the incorporation of a duple simple time signature and a drum routine of a â€Å"snare, bass, snare, bass,† shows the prolonging of physical journeys and the fast pace that the traveller is forced to carry out. In relation to the movie Rabbit Proof Fence (2002), both works share the same motivation that instigates a physical journey, which is to escape from a previous affair and retreat into the security of a refuge, which in Rabbit Proof Fence is the girls’ home in Jigalong while in Mountain Sound, refers to the deep forest. Apart from that, the travellers have to face obstacles along their journey; both having to travel through vast distances which itself is laden with other adversities that extend its difficulty. In Rabbit Proof Fence, the girls are forced to journey through harsh terrains with insufficient supplies and a professional tracker hot on their heels. Likewise, Mountain Sound features a long distance to the desired refuge further laden with the sense of guilt from the traveller’s previous actions. Just as Rabbit Proof Fence features a narration in the Aboriginal language that projects a sense of belonging and extracting the prejudice of the audience to the Aboriginal point of view, Mountain Sound uses first person language to connect with the listeners as it appears to be accounted from personal experience rather than sophisticated words phrased beautifully into neat packages of rhymes and rhythms. Last but not least, the paradoxical statement in Mountain Sound â€Å"sleep until the sun goes down† actually explains how in order to remain unseen, it is essential to travel only during the night, therefore creating a brief pause in a listener’s interpretation of its meaning. Similarly in Rabbit Proof Fence, the girls had to constantly mask their tracks and remain hidden in bushes to avoid capture from the tracker. On a personal note, â€Å"Mountain Sound† connects with my inner feelings and soothes my heart to the core. At the same time, it teaches me that we should never run away from our problems but use wisdom that we have acquired or from the guidance of a wise individual to resolve them. This can be related to the simile of our negative personalities as trees and in order to entirely uproot these established traits, we have to strike at its roots and not just the branches. As a whole, our problems should not ignored or ran away from but to be confronted and subdued in order to spur integral human development and an individual transformation.

Victims of Bullying

Victims of Bullying Victims of Bullying Schools offer more than educational opportunities; they offer many opportunities for social interaction for youth. These social opportunities also offer many opportunities for children to become victims of bullying. In the last ten years, there has been a dramatic rise of research on bullying in the United States. This research has been spurred by continued extreme school violence where the perpetrators of the violence had been victims of bullying. Bullying encompasses a range of various aggressive behaviors, which are targeted at an identified victim (Espalage, 2002). It is differentiated from fighting because it involves an imbalance in strength such that the individual targeted has difficulty defending him or herself. Bullying has been a common obstacle of childhood for many generations (Olweus, 1995). Many people believe that bullying is a natural part of growing up that does not cause serious harm but help to toughen children up (Pianta Walsh, 1995). On the other hand, extensive research in this area has identified consequences for the victims of bulling (Olweus, 1995). There have been many high profile cases of victims of bullying who have retaliated by horrific school shootings (Kumpulamen, Rasanen, Puura, 2001). A number of recent studies have investigated the immediate and short-term effects of peer victimization (Espelage, 2002; Espelage Swearer, 2003; Nansel, Overpeck, Pilla, Ruan, Simons-Morton, Scheidt, 2001). Rejection from a peer group has been linked to adverse psychological and physical consequences (Kumpulamen et al., 2001). Victims have been noted to be at risk for increased levels of depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic symptoms (Nansel et al., 2001). School avoidance and feelings of isolation are common among victims. Furthermore, it has been reported that these victims of bullying are developing post-traumatic stress disorder (Kumpulamen et al., 2001). This reveals the detrimental impact that peer rejection may have on youth and the importance of more research on the long-term impact bullying has on victims. The media has portrayed â€Å"bullies† and â€Å"nerds or geeks† in numerous films, thus bringing awareness of childhood social hierarchies and the desire to be accepted as part of a group. The â€Å"nerds† are social outcast who are commonly victimized by their peers and often blamed for not being tough enough. Recent research and pop culture movies like â€Å"Mean Girls† have brought more attention to girls and their bullying behaviors. There is limited research on the prevalence and effects bullying has on girls (Brinson, 2005). Many bullies experience mental health difficulties. One study found that one-third of bullies have attention-deficit disorder, 12.5% were suffering from depression, and 12.5% had oppositional-conduct disorder (Kumpulamen et al., 2001). Bullies then in turn take out their frustrations on someone the see as weaker than them. These bullies are also seeking to impress their peers. The rejection felt by the victim can have a direct impact on their lives. Several authors suggest that youth who are continually victimized may be at risk for poorer psychological functioning as adults (Espelage, 2002; Nansel et al., 2001). There has not been much research in this particular area. Little is known about how these victims function as adults. Research suggest that adolescents do not simply grow out of emotional problems with age, which implies that youth who have poor social skills may continue to experience difficulty in their area of maintaining relationships as adults (Nansel et al., 2001). Espelage (2002) found that many victims of bullying continue to think about their experiences of being bullied and recall painful memories well into adulthood. Depression and suicidal ideation have been found to be common outcomes of being bullied for both boys and girls. Bullies themselves have been prone to depression (Espelage, 2002). Bullying behaviors has similarly been found to transfer from the classroom to the streets, male bullies having been found to be seventeen times more likely to be frequently violent outside of the classroom and female bullies over one hundred times more likely to be frequently violent on the streets (Brinson, 2005). Longitudinal research has found that bullying and aggressive behavior were identified as being characteristics of those students who later became involved in criminal behavior (Nansel et al., 2001). Statement of Problem There have been limited mixed-methods studies on the phenomenon of bullying (Espelage Swearer, 2003). There has been no research that has attempted to explore the long term effects of bullying on individuals who have experienced it. This study will use a mixed-methods approach to explore both the long term effects of bullying on individuals that were bullied in their youth. Statement of Purpose The purpose of this concurrent, mixed methods study is to explore and generate themes about the long term effects bullying, that occurred in childhood, has on men and women. The quantitative research questions will address the prevalence of bullying between male and female participants that they encountered at school when they were in their teens. Qualitative open-ended questions will be used to probe significant resilience factors by exploring aspects of the bullying experiences and how they impacted the person’s adult life. Theoretical Framework Several theories have sought to explain the existence of bullying behavior. Some developmental theorists perceive bullying as a child’s attempt to establish social dominance over other children. This dominance is established through developmentally appropriate actions; in the early years, when children lack complex social skills, they bully using physical means. As these overt acts are punished by disciplinarians, and as children develop a larger repertoire of verbal language, bullying becomes more verbal in nature. Finally, when children gain the skills to understand and participate in intricate social relationships, they begin to use these relationships as a more covert type of bullying in order to establish power and social dominance (Smith, 2001). Resilience theory is defines as a person’s ability to cope or adapt to stressful situations. In different environments, resilience can have different meanings. In a high crime neighborhood, resilience could mean just surviving unscathed from the violence. This is having the ability to overcome a challenging set of circumstances with success. Studies in resilience theory demonstrate that resilient individuals are those who grow and develop as a result of trauma. Rather than being stunted by life difficulties, they recover from the traumatic events with an increased sense of empathy, enhanced coping skills. (Pianta Walsh, 1998). Peer rejection theory provides an important context for socialization that fosters social skills that children learn and use through out their lives. Rejection theory is based on the premise that children that are rejected by their peers are not given the same opportunities to socialize and develop socialization skills. This further distances them from their peers (Cole Gillenssen, 1993). Life course perspective is an appropriate lens to use when reviewing bullying and the after effects it has on the victims of it. Research has shown that bullying can cause victims to have varying degrees of posttraumatic stress syndrome (Houbre et al., 2006). Elder (1998) researched the social pathways in the life course. This research revealed that individual’s lives are influenced by their ever-changing effects of their experiences. Research Questions/Null Hypothesis Research Question #1: How are men and women impacted by the bullying they encountered as youth? Null Hypothesis #1: There will be no statistical significant difference in how men and women are impacted by bullying that they encountered as youth as measured by the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. Research Question #2: How did bullying as a youth affect men? Null Hypothesis #2: There will be no evidence that being bullied in their youth will have an impact on their adult lives as men. Research Question #3: How did bullying as a youth affect women? Null Hypothesis #3: There will be no evidence that being bullied in their youth will have an impact on their adult lives as women. Research Question #4: What are the implications in their current life that they feel resulted from the bullying they encountered as youth? Null Hypothesis #4: There will be no statistically significant evidence of implications in their current life that were a result from bullying that they encountered as youth. Research Question #5: How do they feel their bullying experiences impacts their ability to socialize with people now? Null Hypothesis #5: There will be no evidence that bullying experiences in their past will impact an adult’s ability to socialize with other people. Definition of Terms Bully/victims: individuals who both bully others and are victims of bullying (Espelage Swearer, 2003). Bullying: aggressive behavior that occurs repeatedly over time and includes both physical and emotional acts that are directed towards another individual with the intent to inflict harm or discomfort (Olweus, 1993). Bystander: individual who observes a bullying incident (Olweus, 1993). Emotional Scarring: the association of negative feelings with the recollection of painful memories of being bullied (Espelage, 2002). Peer: an individual belonging to the same groups based on age, grade, and status (Olweus, 1993). Victim of Bullying: an individual who is exposed repeatedly over time to aggressive behavior that is inflicted by his peers with the intent to cause harm or discomfort (Espelage, 2002; Olweus, 1993). Assumptions The assumptions made about the participants in this study are that they are of sound mind to participate in this study. The assumptions made that all of the participants will answer the web survey honestly. The assumptions made that all of the participants were bullied in their youth. Delimitations The research recognizes the following delimitations for the study: The sample size will be dependent of the amount of people who respond to the email of inquiry at this study. All respondents are mentally competent to answer the questions in the online survey. The participants have the potential to be spread out across the United States. Limitations Quantitative research looks for generalizability of the research findings to the larger population (Crestwell, 2005). Generalizability is not as important to qualitative research that is seeking to explore a phenomenon and the impact it has. If more men respond then women to this survey, then it would not be an equally distributed sample. Socio-economic status is not asked in this study.

The Politics of Obesity Essay -- Overweight Health Eating Habits Essay

The Politics of Obesity A March, 2005 headline on CNN.com brought deeply disturbing news to the American public: â€Å"Report: Obesity will reverse life expectancy gains.† For the past 200 years, life expectancy steadily increased thanks to medical advances such as the discovery of antibiotics and vaccines, but this upward trend is no longer guaranteed. Childhood obesity has already reduced the average life expectancy between four and nine months. â€Å"[T]oday’s generation will have shorter and less healthy lives than their parents for the first time in modern history,† warned S. Jay Olshansky, the University of Illinois researcher and author of the study (1). In 2004, the US Center for Disease Control found that at least 66% of adults were overweight or obese—double the percentage in 1980—and that more than 1/6 th of kids ages 2-19 were overweight. Type II diabetes, usually caused by an unhealthy lifestyle rather than genetics, has increased as a side effect of obesity and heart disease is also on the rise. In short, obesity is a national epidemic. Accusatory fingers have been flying, each pointing to different possible causes for our tubby younger generation and their similarly overweight parents. Some blame video games that keep kids inside and sedentary and some see the shift toward desk jobs as the reason. Others claim that our car culture based on cheap gas is the culprit. Still others fault the fat-laden fast food, soda, and junk food that Americans consume by the ton. To be sure, these cultural phenomena are interconnected and no one cause can be blamed entirely, but one tiny acronym stands demurely behind this last category of diet-related causes: HFCS. High fructose corn syrup, the favorite food additive of Coke, ... ...ne wants to experience the pain and frustration of obesity, and surely we wish to protect our children from starting out life unhealthy and overweight. As consumers but more importantly as citizens, we must be informed about the HFCS and obesity for our children’s sake, and US agricultural and nutritional policy must reflect our concerns. Sources Cited: http://www.cnn.com/2005/HEALTH/diet.fitness/03/16/obesity.longevity.ap/ http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/chronicle/archive/2004/02/18/FDGS24VKMH1.DTL Michael Pollan. â€Å"The (Agri)Cultural Contradictions of Obesity.† The New York Times Magazine. Oct 12, 2003. http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A8003-2003Mar10?language=printer http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/79/4/537 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15234599&dopt=Abstract

Ariel and Allegory in The Tempest Essay examples -- Tempest essays

Ariel and Allegory in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   The temptation to regard The Tempest as an allegory has proved irresistible to critics, although opinions differ on what it might be an allegory of, and what the principal figures might represent. In this essay I wish to discuss the character of Ariel, who has received less attention than either Caliban or Prospero. If The Tempest is an allegory then each of its characters should fulfil some representative function. Prospero is generally associated with the playwright (or even, which amounts to much the same thing in some views, with God) as he controls the action on stage. Caliban is taken to represent the physical aspect of humanity, or the 'will', his uncivilised condition making him close to the beasts. In this view, Prospero represents intellect (in seventeenth-century terms 'wit', or 'reason'). The opposition of 'infected will' and 'perfected wit' is a common trope of Protestant discourse, as in Sir Philip Sidney's 'Defense of Poesie'. FN1 Ariel, then, ('an airy sp irit' in the 'Names of the Actors') might represent a third part of the self, the soul or spirit, but at this point the allegory seems to break down, in that Ariel is clearly not Prospero's immortal soul, or the divine part in man, as he is under the control of Prospero as intellect, and in fact performs the action of the play just as Prospero directs it.    Frank Kermode, in his introduction to the Arden edition, criticises the tendency to allegorical interpretation, and seems to have imbibed something of the late Shakespeare's insistence on the importance of Chastity. 'It is not surprising that The Tempest has sent people whoring after strange gods of allegory' (p.lxxx) and most modern attitudes to the play ar... ...s the barrier. If The Tempest is an allegory, then Nora Johnson is probably closest in describing Ariel as 'a delicate theatrical spirit' a figure representing the essence of theatre. If performing Ariel must have presented great technical challenges on the Jacobean stage, the problem for a modern production is to encourage the suspension of disbelief in the audience whilst avoiding comparison with the fairies and principal boys of Pantomime.    NOTES 1. Sometimes called 'Apology for Poetry'. 2. Nora Johnson, 'Body and Spirit, Stage and Sexuality in The Tempest' (in) Political Shakespeare, (eds) Stephen Orgel and Sean Keilen, Volume 9 of Shakespeare, the Critical Complex, Garland Publishing, New York and London, (1999), pp. 271-290. 3. Horace Howard Furness (ed.), The Tempest, A New Varorium Edition, J.P. Lippincott, Philadelphia, (1895).   

The history of unions in America

The history of unions in America has seen a rich and contentious past. The Knights of Labor was the first major union in America, attracting nearly 750,000 members at the height of its popularity but did not have the lasting power to remain relevant in the American labor movement (Commanger, 1947, p 39) With the formation of the American Federation of Labor by Samuel Gompers in 1886, the American worker now had a strengthened voice when bargaining with their employers.   However, this new founded power and influence would not come easily.The Pullman Strike of 1894 as well as the tragedy at the Triangle Shirtwaist factor in 1911 showed to the plight that the American worker had still to overcome.(Burns, 1999) This occurred at a time when the exploitation of the American worker was at its height. Millions of unskilled immigrants were coming from Central and Eastern Europe, not being able to speak the language and consenting to any job that they were willing to obtain.The formation of the U.S. Department of Labor in 1913 and the Clayton Act of 1914 helped recognize the importance and influence that the American worker had on the economy of the country, and therefore, its future success. (Commanger, 1947, p. 78)   The AFL would further increase its power with the 1955 merger of the other great labor union in America, the Congress of Industrial Organizations or the CIO, formed by labor leader John L. Lewis. Together, they were able to pool their resources and collective strength and now, there are nine million members of the AFL- CIO and up until the last decade, their power in collective bargaining for its workers had been strong but now face new and daunting challenges into the new century.The history of trade unions can be found as far back as in the lives and ideology of the Pilgrims and Puritans of the early 17th century. It was they who gave to this country, the idea of hard work being a virtue and a reward from God and that a strong work ethic, or Protest ant Work Ethic; a term given to American culture by Sociologist Max Weber in 1905 to explain the affluent society that America was now able to offer.During this time and into the American Revolution, unions of various workers, from craftsmen to cabinet makers and cobblers constituted very primitive, but existing unions which were designed to help protect the interest of the worker over the merchant and ruling classes. One of the first notable strikes in American history was the 1974 New York strike of printers who lobbied for higher pay and shorter hours. There were strikes in Philadelphia in 1776 and in Boston in 1799; all over some of the most basic rights that the workers felt that they were entitled to under the â€Å"pursuit of happiness† clause in the Constitution.These efforts to organize were mostly ineffective but most importantly, reflected the need and desire for the worker to have his rights protected against the exploitation of the ruling and merchant class. The exploitation of the worker, as is seen today, is simply not just one receiving a low wage but any wage that is in disproportion to the amount that his services is worth.The first union seen in America was the Nation Labor Union in 1866.(Gillian, 1998. p. 87) The Union was able to persuade Congress to pass an eight hour work day law for federal workers. The law would require a great deal of expanding if it were to meet the requirements of the other 99% of America’s workers.   This would not be seen until the start of the 20th century, but as it is the case with most things in history, progress made today, was steeped in the struggles of the past. The labor union was no exception.The Knights of Labor was formed in 1869 and was the first major union with a lasting power in American history. At its peak, the Knights of Labor boasted a membership of 750,000. This was because there were no restrictions put on the membership of white and black, male and female and skilled and unsk illed workers.( Commanger, 1947. p. 39)Terrance Powdery and the Knights, for the brief time that they were able to remain organized, remained a political force in the country. However, due to the riff that was being caused by skilled and unskilled workers as well as the riot in Haymarket Square in 1886 Chicago, the influence of the Knights declined steadily.(Miller, 2001, p. 178) One that was to replace the influence of the Knights, the American Federation of Labor, was able to eclipse the power and influence of all labor unions that have come before and with the merger with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955, all labor unions in America since.The American Federation of Labor, founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886, remains the most important union in America, 120 years after it was first founded.(Johnson, 2001) Gompers, who first became involved in the struggle for equality among the workers, was a leader of his local union and of the national Cigar Makers Union. While wor king in the cigar shops, in order to escape from the boredom of the job, began to read and educate himself ob all aspects of trade, the past exploitation of the worker and how it would be to organize these same workers in order to collectively pool, the strengths of the workers in this country.Also, the industrialization of America, as being a direct contributor of the Industrial revolution, now had a surplus in the demand for unskilled labor, designed only to feed and operate the machines that monotonously turned out the product on a much wider scale than ever previously imagined.   This is represented in an aspect of the mission statements of the AFL. †The various trades have been affected by the introduction of machinery, the subdivision of labor, the use of women’s and children’s labor and the lack of apprentice system-so that the skilled trades were rapidly sinking to the level of the pauper labor.† (Johnson, 2001) The AFL later declared: â€Å"To p rotect the skilled labor of America from being reduced to beggary and to sustain the standard of American workmanship and skill, the trade unions of America have been established.† (Peters, 1991 p. 328) This remained their mission statement, even into their merger with the CIO in 1955.One of the first representations of the need for such a union was in the 1894 Pullman Strike on the south side of Chicago.(Jones, 1972 p. 462) This was the second largest strike in the 19th century and one that at the start of the strike, had a lot of promise regarding the possibility for change. Even though the strike was not directly related to the AFL, it showed the hopelessness and powerless pessimism that the workers had regarding their inability to collectively bargain for what they felt was their due rights.The Pullman Company was involved in the building of Pullman sleeper cars for the railroad companies. The workers were not paid in American dollars but in script in order to buy their ne eded supplies at the company stores and pay rent for the housing to the company as well. â€Å"When George Pullman lowered wages in relation to the 1893 Depression, yet did not lower the rents or the prices at the stores, the workers went in strike. In response, the government swore in 3,400 special deputies, President Cleveland called in the federal troops and the strike was put down with the workers gaining nothing that they had wanted.† (Jones, 1972 p. 464) The strike had turned out to be a complete failure for the workers.The strike did serve as a victory for the government as injunctions were now being used with a greater frequency as an effective legal weapon against union organizing and strikes.   Another event in American History that had tragic consequences but which led to the formation of a strengthened union in America was the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company. This occurred on March 25, 1911.(Burns, 1999)   Many strikes, some led by the AFL, were being organiz ed all across the city of New York.Their demands were the result of the exploitation of the immigrant workers, mostly women and children who were being exploited to a degree than a modern American society would find hard to comprehend. A strike which failed in its objectives, had transpired in the immediate weeks before the fire. As a result of the attempted strike, the factory owners locked the doors to the factory and covered up the windows as to eliminate the number of distractions to the immediate work of the immigrants as well as a lesser ability to discuss and organize another strike. Only twenty minutes before the workers were to go home, a fire broke out on the 8th floor of the factory.The workers were trapped and instead of being burnt up in the fire, many chose to jump to their deaths. Women held the hands of their co workers, shut their eyes and jumped together, only to bounce off the pavement, dead!† (Burns, 1999)   This horrific event led to the formation of the U.S. Department of Labor in 1913 and the Clayton Act of 1914.(Byrne, 2006) Both of these were formed at the request and influence of the AFL which was then enjoying an increase in their strength and authority among the political circles.This is due to the fact of the greater industrialization of the American economy as well as a mass influx of immigrant workers coming to America from Central and Eastern Europe in order to escape oppressive economies and societies within their former homes. Many of these workers did not speak English as did many of the former   mass influx of immigrants do in the middle of the 19th century and who had become established at this time.   A large majority of these workers were unskilled laborers, thus had even less power and influence to bargain on an individual basis with the improvement of their individual rights before the passage of the Clayton Act.Therefore, the AFL had a now greater ability to influence for the betterment of its members, impr oved working conditions. The Clayton Act served as one of the most important pieces of legislation in the entire history of the American labor movement. The Act made it illegal to treat the worker as simply a commodity for financial gain above his worth as a human being.This increased the social standing and importance of the worker but also, excluded him from the provisions of the Sherman Anti Trust Act which had served as the legal basis for injunctions against union organized strikes.(Commanger, 1947 p. section 3 p. 43) The Clayton Act also gave the right to the worker to peacefully protest, form strikes and boycotts and dramatically limited the use of injunctions in labor disputes. The 1st amendment to the Constitution had been long ignored when it said that a citizen had the right to peacefully assemble. In the years leading up to the passage of the Clayton Act, the American worker was not allowed to peacefully assemble as their rights as seen in the Pullman Strike and in the p revention of any further strikes in the garment industry in New York City, was prevented. The importance of the Clayton Act was accurately detailed when AFL founder and President Gompers referred the act as the Magna Carta. It was indeed.In the 1920’s a decade that was seen as a time of great progress in American society, was a tougher time for the American industrial worker. The 1920’s was a time when unemployment rose quietly and the American worker, especially the American farmer, found himself faced with the daily problem of having to feed his family from the product of his own labor. The post WWI era brought wages down sharply and the membership numbers for unions decreased sharply as the major unions lost nearly a million members from 1920-1923 (Keeler, 1982 p. 87)Also, due to the scare that came over America, not to be bested until the 1950’s, the fear that the Communist revolution, which had taken place in the Soviet Union in 1917, and feared infiltratio n into American industry, was the source for suspicion from the American public as they looked into the unions of that day. Strikebreaking and blacklisting of those who did strike or who talked or striking, was now seen as a patriotic defense of the country. â€Å"The yellow dog contract which workers had to sign in order to then be considered for a job by their employer, bound them to never join a union’ at the same time, these large corporations promoted employees representation plans or company unions-pale and generally useless imitations of real unions.† (Keeler, 1982 p. 91) In order to get a job, one had to be assured that they had no ties to unions and fees that were paid under the table to the employer, was the only way in which one could hope to even be considered for employment.The influence of the unions enjoyed resurgence when the AFL joined forces with the Committee for Industrial Organization, later known as the Congress for Industrial Organizations in 193 8, or the CIO. With its colorful leader John L. Lewis, a former president of the Mine Workers Union in the years after WWI, actually led the fight in bitter attacks on many members and aspects of the AFL and their competing vision for trade unions in America.The two organizations began to find common ground in the years during and immediately after WWII. Some of the old antagonisms were put aside and a merger was formed on December 5, 1955. An aspect of the mission statement as part of that historic day stated that the two organizations shared many of the same aspirations for the future of the American worker.: â€Å"What labor wants †¦ is what theAmerican people want: honorable peace in the world, rising living standards at home and abroad, the human dignity that is the reward of economic progress, and the enjoyment of democratic liberties.† (McMillian, 1967 p. 232) The press at the time was also optimistic about the future of this historic merger: â€Å"†No doub t about it, unity of labor will bring benefits all around–in closer relationships between international and national unions †¦ in organizing drives among the millions of workers in industries that are largely unorganized, improved legislation, more effective political activity, and extended work with other community groups–all of them are in the cards.† (McMillian, 1967 p. 235)It was the design of the merger to pool together the collective strengths of the two unions, which at times, had formed a counterproductive and contentious relationship in the past as they both battled for an increase of influence in their own separate ideas of the future of labor in America. It was commented by the press that this merger might be helpful in the cessation of these quarrels. â€Å"Immediate effects of the merger will be to give the American trade union movement a single voice on political and legislative matters, instead of two separate and sometimes divergent voices,à ¢â‚¬ (McMillian, 1967 p. 237) The merger gave the two unions, now one single union, and the largest number of members than any previous union in the history of the country. This, along with the growing power of the teamsters in the 1960’s and 1970’s and their colorful and sometimes controversial leader Jimmy Hoffa, the influence of the union, in both the lives of the worker as well as with politics, increased steadily over time.The constitution of the AFL-CIO, as formed in relation to the merger, established seven different and separate departments. They are still in operation within the union. They are the Building and Construction Trades Department, the Food and Allied Services Trades, the maritime Trades and Metal Trades department as well as the Department for Professional Employees and the Transportation and Union Label Departments.There are also non-profit, non partisan organizations that have since been included in the charter of the AFL-CIO. Some of these incl ude, in order strengthening the diversity and membership of the union, the Black Trade Unionists and the Coalition of Labor Union Women. Some of the major function of these and other such groups is to lobby Congress, issue research reports and publications and build coalitions in order to further strengthen the power of the union with other groups. The AFL-CIO is made up of a combination of 54 national groups including some in Canada as well. From 1955 until 2005, the AFL-CIO came to be the recognized voice of almost all unionized workers in America. However, in the most immediate years, the influence and power to collectively bargain has hit a major impediment in the steep decline of their members.The future of the AFL-CIO is uncertain. As the organization prepared for its 50th anniversary celebration, three of the four largest unions announced that they would be withdrawing from the union. The Teamsters, which had always had a contentious relationship with the AFL-CIO left as well as the Service Employees International Union. The riffs, though seen as very personal, could not be salvaged as of yet and the future of the AFL-CIO as it continues to maintain the same level of power and influence as it did in the past, is being threatened.Another sign of the times, and one that will not likely be reversed anytime soon, is the millions of jobs that have gone overseas to countries where unions are not allowed and the worker received pennies on the dollar of the wages of the American worker. In a way, the AFL-CIO is a victim of their own success.   The improvements that they were able to give the American worker, mandatory health care from most companies, holiday and sick pay, overtime pay and a 40 hour work week have now negated themselves from many of the jobs that were once seen as bastions for the American worker but have now gone overseas by the millions.Unfettered capitalism and the reluctance for Congress to place the restrictive tariffs on these goods, for mer inventions by Americans, the television, most aspects of the radio and automobile as well as dozens of various consumer goods which had their origins in America, even the American flag, are all built in underdeveloped countries where the worker has little protection from being exploited and where businesses can reap profits in the billions. The future of the blue collar American worker is in jeopardy and the AFL-CIO may end up being powerless to stop it.WORKS CITEDBurns, R. ( 1999)   The History of New York: Boston: PBS VideoByrne, M (2006) America’s Labor Movement. PBS: BostonCommanger, H.S. (1947) Documents of American History. New York: Century Publishers.Gillian, L. (1998) The Progressives Boston: PBS American ExperienceHoyt, A ( 2001) Chicago: City of the Century. Boston: PBS American ExperienceJohnson, P ( 2006) The Supreme Court.   Boston: PBS VideoKeeler, M. (1982) The History of the AFL. Chicago: University of Chicago Press..Jones, R. (1972) The History of La bor: The Pullman Strike. New York: Premier Press.McMillian, J. (1967) The Influences of the American Federation of Labor.   New York: Simon & Schuster.Negal, J ( 2001) The Progressive Movement. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.Miller. D. (2001) Chicago: City of the Century. New York: Simon & Schuster.Peters, M. (1991) The Clayton Act. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina PressRiis, J. ( 2001) How the Other Half Lives. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Pregnancy and Briefly Informs Jessica Essay

Jessica is a 30-year-old immigrant from Mexico City. She and her husband Marco have been in the U.S. for the last 3 years and have finally earned enough money to move out of their Aunt Maria’s home and into an apartment of their own. They are both hard workers. Jessica works 50 hours a week at a local restaurant, and Marco has been contracting side jobs in construction. Six months before their move to an apartment, Jessica finds out she is pregnant. Four months later, Jessica and Marco arrive at the county hospital, a large, public, nonteaching hospital. A preliminary ultrasound indicates a possible abnormality with the fetus. Further scans are conducted and it is determined that the fetus has a rare condition in which it has not developed any arms, and will not likely develop them. There is also a 25% chance that the fetus may have Down syndrome. Dr. Wilson, the primary attending physician is seeing Jessica for the first time, since she and Marco did not receive earlier prenatal care over concerns about finances. Marco insists that Dr. Wilson refrain from telling Jessica the scan results, assuring him that he will tell his wife himself when she is emotionally ready for the news. While Marco and Dr. Wilson are talking in another room, Aunt Maria walks into the room with a distressed look on her face. She can tell that something is wrong and inquires of Dr. Wilson. After hearing of the diagnosis, she walks out of the room wailing loudly and praying out loud. Marco and Dr. Wilson continue their discussion, and Dr. Wilson insists that he has an obligation to Jessica as his patient and that she has a right to know the diagnosis of the fetus. He furthermore is intent on discussing all relevant factors and options regarding the next step, including abortion. Marco insists on taking some time to think of how to break the news to Jessica, but Dr. Wilson, frustrated with the direction of the conversation, informs the husband that such a choice is not his to make. Dr. Wilson proceeds back across the hall, where he walks in on Aunt Maria awkwardly praying with Jessica and phoning the priest. At that point, Dr. Wilson gently but briefly informs Jessica of the diagnosis, and lays out the option for abortion as a responsible medical alternative, given the quality of life such a child would have. Jessica looks at him and struggles to hold back her tears.

SERVICE CHARTERS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SERVICE CHARTERS - Essay Example In this regard, a service charter is an undertaking that is being made to the stakeholders regarding the services they should expect form to be accorded within the authority in its mandate discharge. The principal aim of a service charter is bring out awareness to the public on the roles of the authority, core activities, and values of the authority, provision of the necessary information on the services range that they offer and the standards that have been set. The service charter also informs on what the stake holders should expect for the authority, remedy avenues should the services fall short of the expected standards, and building confidence onto the public that they are striving to excellence about their provision of the services. With the listed information that is provided within the service charter, it is construable that it is a working tool that is designed to facilitate better understanding regarding the kind of services offered by an authority and put the interests of the stakeholders and the authority at the forefront. For better consideration of the service charter, it should work in tandem with other legal requirements that are enacted time to time to facilitate achievement of expectations. Several countries have come up with different service charters in the various sectors that link them to the stakeholders for the services the public should expect from them. In this essay, I have chosen to consider the service charter in Australia with reference to the Australian Federal police as an authority. This paper considers the Australian Federal police charter, the resolution to this authority is informed by the fact that is has faced several challenges in its implementation of the services to the public. The Australian Federal Police have been faced with ever changing tact if crimes including terrorism, cyber-crime, and sexual servitude among other kinds of crimes that they endeavour to fight. In response to this, they developed a service charter that informs the public of their services and how they can cooperate with the public in the fight about crimes. Development of the Charter The motivating factor for the country and specifically the authority to come up with the Australian Federal Police (AFP) service charter is because of the changing environment of the crimes. Crimes have mutated into some more dormant aspect that without a keen interest on their mitigation, it is impossible to realize their occurrence. In this reference, AFP has responded swiftly in putting structures that will keep such crimes a t a bay and to ensure that there is the much-needed cooperation from the public (Ellison, 2000). The authority has made it possible to develop a service charter that clearly stipulates their responsibilities and how they intend to fight the crimes that in the last decades have changed tact. The charter is developed due to the challenges that the AFP has been facing in containing such crimes as counter terrorism, sexual se rvitude, and human trafficking. The authority has also put a spirited fight against cyber-crime, protection, as well as peace operations. The fight against crime for this matter has reached transnational level and the authority is keen in ensuring that it triumphs in mitigating the consequences of crime across their boarders (Ellison, 2000). In pursuit of the implementation of the challenges, AFP in addition to the service charter has also implemented a new organizational structure that is to facilitate a high coordination internally and